Luo kept a journal of his visit to Japan and the Ryukyus that was published soon after his return to Hong Kong in both Chinese and English the English version was included in the official record of Perry's mission, published in 1856-57. ![]() For preparation of written documents and participation in "brush conversations," he required the assistance of an educated Chinese assistant, and for Perry's second voyage to Japan in 1854 he engaged the service of Luo Sen. Wells Williams, had long experience in China and expertise in the Chinese language but not in Japanese. ![]() In the negotiations between the United States and Japan that resulted in the treaty that marked the end of Japan's policy of seclusion (1854), not only the Japanese and English languages but also Chinese and Dutch were recognized for official communications.
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